What is the history of the ozone?
Outline
| 600,000,000 B.C. | Ozone layer forms |
|---|---|
| 1858 | Andrei Houzeau finds ozone present in natural air |
| 1865 | Jean-Louis Soret proves that ozone is O3 |
| 1879 | Marie Alfred Cornu measures solar spectrum and finds sharp cutoff in ultraviolet (UV) light |
| 1881 | Walter Hartley recognizes cutoff corresponds to UV absorption by ozone |
What was the ozone hole caused by?
Scientists also discovered that the thinning in the ozone layer was caused by increasing concentrations of ozone-depleting chemicals – chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs (compounds with chlorine and/or fluorine attached to carbon) and to a lesser extent halons (similar compounds with bromine or iodine).
When was ozone hole first discovered?
1985
In 1985 Jonathan Shanklin was a junior researcher at BAS when he discovered a hole in the invisible shield that protects us from solar radiation.
What is the ozone hole and how was it formed?
The severe depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer known as the “ozone hole” occurs because of the special atmospheric and chemical conditions that exist there and nowhere else on the globe. The very low winter temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere cause polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form.
How did they find the hole in the ozone layer?
Scrawling data on sheets of paper At first, one of Shanklin’s main tasks was checking and correcting all of the data from the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer in Antarctica. This instrument measures the amount of UV light reaching Earth, providing an accurate picture of how much ozone there is in the atmosphere.
What are the effects of the ozone hole?
Effects of ozone depletion for humans and the environment Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation levels at the Earth’s surface, which is damaging to human health. Negative effects include increases in certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and immune deficiency disorders.
What happened to the ozone hole?
The ozone hole occurs during the Antarctic spring, from September to early December, as strong westerly winds start to circulate around the continent and create an atmospheric container. Within this polar vortex, over 50 percent of the lower stratospheric ozone is destroyed during the Antarctic spring.
Who invented ozone layer?
The Ozone Layer was discovered by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson in 1913. Why is Ozone Layer important? Ozone protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun.
Where does the ozone hole occur every year?
Antarctica
The ozone hole now occurs every year in Antarctica between the months of September and November, which is the South Pole’s springtime. During this time, ozone levels over most of Antarctica are reduced by about 60% of their usual amount.
Where are the ozone holes?
What we call the ozone hole is a thinning of the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere (the upper layer of Earth’s atmosphere) above Antarctica that begins every September.
Why is ozone important?
The ozone layer protects the Earth against most UVB coming from the sun. It is always important to protect oneself against UVB, even in the absence of ozone depletion, by wearing hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen. However, these precautions will become more important as ozone depletion worsens.
What was the ozone level in 1979?
On September 17, 1979 (top left), the first year in which ozone was measured by satellite, the ozone level was at 194 Dobson Units. On October 7, 1989 (top right), the year that the Montreal Protocol went into force, ozone dropped to 108 DU.
What is the history of ozone research in Antarctica?
In 1956, the British Antarctic Survey set up the Halley Bay Observatory on Antarctica in preparation for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957. In that year, ozone measurements using a Dobson Spectrophotometer began.
What is the National Ozone Expedition (NoZe)?
For example, the National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) measured elevated levels of the chemical chlorine dioxide (OClO) during the springtime ozone hole from McMurdo Research Station. Then in 1987, the Antarctic Airborne Ozone Expedition flew the ER-2 and DC-8 research aircraft from Punta Arenas, Chile, into the Antarctic Vortex.
What happened to the ozone in 2002?
In 2002, the Southern Hemisphere still had low ozone values over the Antarctica. Ozone depletion was still at an 40 percent compared to the 1980’s. The ozone still showed a strong destruction in-between the altitudes of 15 and 20 km. This year the ozone hole had only a short life and was quickly declining in size.