What is the economic injury level?
Economic-injury Level (EIL) (Stern et al., 1959) – “The lowest population density of a pest that will cause economic damage; or the amount of pest injury which will justify the cost of control.”
What is economic threshold level ETL?
The economic threshold Level (ETL) is the population density at which control measures should be determined to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the Economic injury level (Fig. 2). EIL is the lowest pest population which will cause economic damage.
What is the difference between economic threshold level and economic injury level?
The smallest number of insects (amount of injury) that will cause yield losses equal to the insect management costs. Economic threshold. The pest density at which management action should be taken to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level.”
How do you calculate economic injury level?
The EIL is based on the relation of five primary variables and can be estimated according to the following formula EIL = C/VIDK, in which C represents the cost of management tactic per production unit, V is the price of commodity, I is the injury units per pest, D is the damage per unit of insect injury, and K is the …
What is ETL in pest?
Economic threshold level (ETL): The pest population at which control measures should be initiated to prevent population rising above economic injury level also called as action threshold level. The arrow indicates when a pest control action is taken.
How does an aesthetic injury level relate to an economic injury level?
The point where the cost of control equals the value of loss is called the EIL. Economic Injury Level (EIL): According to Stern et al. Aesthetic-injury Level (AIL): the same concept as EIL, but the aesthetics of a commodity are considered the motivation rather than the economic value.
What is ETL based IPM?
The Economic Threshold Level (ETL) used to be part of IPM many years ago, but in modern IPM it has been replaced by Agro-Ecological System Analysis (AESA) where farmers take decisions based on a larger range of observations. An ETL is calculated from: the management cost (cost/area)
What insecticide do insect killers use?
Two widely used compounds in this class are parathion and malathion; others are Diazinon, naled, methyl parathion, and dichlorvos. They are especially effective against sucking insects such as aphids and mites, which feed on plant juices.
What is ETL of cotton Jassid?
What is economic threshold Level (ETL) of cotton insects/pests? ETL means “level of insect/pests population at which management practice become inevitable otherwise it will result in economic loss”.
What is the aesthetic injury level?
The point where the cost of control equals the value of loss is called the EIL. Aesthetic-injury Level (AIL): the same concept as EIL, but the aesthetics of a commodity are considered the motivation rather than the economic value.
What is the importance of economic threshold level?
Economic thresholds help to rationalise the use of pesticides and are one of the keys to profitable pest management. The development of economic thresholds requires knowledge of pests, their damage, the crop’s response to damage, and estimates of likely crop value and costs of control.
What is the difference between an ETL based and an AESA based IPM?
In ETL based IPM, natural enemies, plant compensation ability and abiotic factors are not considered. In AESA based IPM emphasis is given to natural enemies, plant compensation ability, abiotic factors and P: D ratio.
What is the difference between economic injury level and economic threshold?
Although the economic injury level (EIL) and the economic threshold (ET) are fundamental integrated pest management (IPM) concepts, they are often confused. This is understandable, as the concepts are closely related and the definitions of EIL and ET can be expressed differently depending on context.
What are the elements of economic injury level (EIL)?
The elements Stern et al. proposed formally in 1959 are essentially the same as those used today. They are economic damage, economic injury level, and economic threshold. Collectively, these elements form the EIL concept.
What does economic injury level mean in agriculture?
Economic injury level. The smallest number of insects (amount of injury) that will cause yield losses equal to the insect management costs. Economic threshold. The pest density at which management action should be taken to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level.”
What is the economic level of insect injury?
Economic injury level. The smallest number of insects (amount of injury) that will cause yield losses equal to the insect management costs. Economic threshold.