What is bovine milk xanthine oxidase?
Mammalian milk is a source of antimicrobial compounds such as xanthine oxidase (XO). These results demonstrate that the antimicrobial properties of bovine milk XO are similar to those of human milk XO with significant implications for the development of novel products targeting infant health.
Is xanthine present in milk?
Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme located in the fat globule membrane (MFGM) of milk, forming almost 20% of bovine milk proteins. It contributes to oxidative reactions, being principally responsible for the oxidation of xanthine to urate.
Does milk contain oxidase?
Sulfhydryl oxidase (SOX) is present in human milk and in milk from all species that have been studied. Human milk SOX is stable in an acid environment: 50% of its activity remains after 1 h at pH 2.5.
What does xanthine oxidase do?
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important enzyme catalyzing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid which is excreted by kidneys. Excessive production and/or inadequate excretion of uric acid results in hyperuricemia.
Which antineoplastic agent is metabolized by xanthine oxidase?
ALLOPURINOL (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) is frequently used during chemotherapy of hematologic cancers to prevent hyperuricemia due to tumor cell lysis. Simultaneous administration of ALLOPURINOL and 6-MERCAPTOPURINE results in excessive mercaptopurine toxicity (because 6-MP is also metabolized by xanthine oxidase).
How is xanthine oxidase produced?
Xanthine oxidase is a superoxide-producing enzyme found normally in serum and the lungs, and its activity is increased during influenza A infection. During severe liver damage, xanthine oxidase is released into the blood, so a blood assay for XO is a way to determine if liver damage has happened.
Where is xanthine oxidase expressed?
This enzyme is expressed not only in vascular and endothelial cells but also circulates in the plasma. Vascular XO activity is regulated by NAD(P)H oxidase, since NADPH-driven generation of H2O2 stimulates xanthine oxidase activity.
Where is xanthine oxidase produced?
Where is xanthine oxidase made?
Clinical significance. Xanthine oxidase is a superoxide-producing enzyme found normally in serum and the lungs, and its activity is increased during influenza A infection. During severe liver damage, xanthine oxidase is released into the blood, so a blood assay for XO is a way to determine if liver damage has happened.