What is an example of plasmalogen?
Plasmalogens are a subclass of phospholipids, mainly found in the cell membranes. Ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtns) are the predominant phospholipids in the brain, kidney, lungs and skeletal muscle [1].
What is the nomenclature of lipids?
Lipid nomenclature. The nomenclature of lipids falls into two main categories: systematic names and common or trivial names. The latter includes abbreviations which are a convenient way to define acyl/alkyl chains in glycerolipids, sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids.
What type of lipid is plasmalogen?
The plasmalogens are a class of glycerophospholipids which contain a vinyl-ether and an ester bond at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively, in the glycerol backbone. They constitute 10 mol% of the total mass of phospholipids in humans, mainly as membrane structure components.
What is the structure of plasmalogen?
How do you name triacylglycerols?
Triglycerides (see Fig. 37.3) comprise three fatty acids esterified with a glycerol backbone. ‘Triacylglycerols’ is the correct chemical name but they are more commonly known as ‘triglycerides’ and this term will be used throughout this chapter. Triglycerides are the major dietary fat.
How are lipids classified and named?
Based on this classification system, lipids have been divided into eight categories: fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits) (Fig …
What are 3 examples of proteins?
All food made from meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts and seeds are considered part of the protein group, according to the USDA.
What is the source of plasmalogen?
In the 2016 study, the highest level of plasmalogens was found in ascidians (also called sea squirts), mussels, and scallops. 9 There are also significant levels of plasmalogens in pork and beef. Plasmalogens are a group of lipids that can vary in the fatty acids and the headgroups that are components of lipids.
What are plasmalogens?
Plasmalogens are a unique family of cell membrane glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. A glycerophospholipid is built by the body through the attachment of fatty acids to a three-carbon glycerol backbone.
Why are lipids called plasmalogens?
When the chemical bond connecting the fatty acid to the sn-1 position is a vinyl-ether bond, the lipid is referred to as a plasmalogen. A neuronal cell is shown on the left.
Are human plasmalogen levels different in other species?
Total RBC plasmalogen levels were found to be lower in humans than in bonobos, chimpanzees, or gorillas, but higher than in orangutans. Gene expression data from all these species caused the authors to speculate that other human and great ape cells and tissues differ in plasmalogen levels.
How are plasmalogens synthesized?
Biosynthesis of plasmalogens begins with association of peroxisomal matrix enzymes GNPAT (glycerone phosphate acyl transferase) and AGPS (alkyl-glycerone phosphate synthase) on the luminal side of the peroxisomal membrane. These two enzymes can interact with each other to increase efficiency.