What are DAT Cre mice?
Mice homozygous for this dopamine transporter IRES-cre (DATIREScre) knock-in allele are viable and fertile. As such, these mutant mice may be useful in neurobiological studies to facilitate the analysis of gene function in dopaminergic neurons, such as drug addiction or Parkinson’s disease.
What is Cre optogenetics?
Optogenetics is a technique that involves the use of light to manipulate the activity of cells with high temporal and spatial precision, either in vitro or in vivo. The retina detects light with the aid of photoreceptors, which convert energy from photons into chemical signals that can modify neuronal activity.
What does floxed mouse mean?
In genetics, floxing refers to the sandwiching of a DNA sequence (which is then said to be floxed) between two lox P sites. Therefore, Cre-lox system can be used in mice to manipulate gene expression in order to study human diseases and drug development.
What affects dopamine transport?
The driving force for DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake is the ion concentration gradient generated by the plasma membrane Na+/K+ ATPase. Because of the tight coupling of the membrane potential and the sodium gradient, activity-induced changes in membrane polarity can dramatically influence transport rates.
What do dopamine transporters do?
Abstract. The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a transmembrane protein that is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft and for the termination of dopaminergic transmission.
What is the difference between Channelrhodopsin and Halorhodopsin?
Just as the blue-light activated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 opens up the ability to activate excitable cells (such as neurons, muscle cells, pancreatic cells, and immune cells) with brief pulses of blue light, halorhodopsin opens up the ability to silence excitable cells with brief pulses of yellow light.
How does CRE loxP work?
Concerning the mechanism of Cre-loxP system, a single Cre recombinase recognizes two directly repeated loxP site, then the Cre excises the loxP flanked (floxed) DNA, thus creating two types of DNA with circular, excised and inactivated gene Y (Figure 1A).
What is being floxed?
Many of them describe a devastating and progressive condition, encompassing symptoms ranging from psychiatric and sensory disturbances to problems with muscles, tendons and nerves that continue after people have stopped taking the drugs. They call it being ‘floxed’.
What floxed means?
In genetics, floxing refers to the sandwiching of a DNA sequence (which is then said to be floxed) between two lox P sites. Floxing a gene allows it to be deleted (knocked out), translocated or inverted in a process called Cre-Lox recombination.
What does the excess dopamine end up doing?
Having too much dopamine — or too much dopamine concentrated in some parts of the brain and not enough in other parts — is linked to being more competitive, aggressive and having poor impulse control. It can lead to conditions that include ADHD, binge eating, addiction and gambling.
Is DAT present on dopamine nerve terminals?
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a presynaptic plasma protein found on dopaminergic nerve terminals that terminates dopamine signaling by rapidly sequestering dopamine released into the synaptic cleft [1, 2].
Is tyrosine hydroxylase a catecholamine?
Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase from the tyrosine hydroxylase locus Catecholaminergic neurons are affected in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first, rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis.
What are the types of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency?
There are three different forms of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency that vary in severity. The mild form of the condition is called TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia. Children affected by this form typically develop features of the condition between age twelve months and six years.
Can Cre-recombinase be expressed from the endogenous TH gene 3′-untranslated?
We report a knockin mouse expressing Cre-recombinase from the 3′-untranslated region of the endogenous Th gene by means of … Catecholaminergic neurons are affected in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first, rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis.
What is TH-Cre 1?
Also Known As: TH-Cre 1 , TH-1 Cre. TH-Cre transgenic mice have the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter directing expression of Cre recombinase to catecholaminergic cells, and may be useful for generating conditional mutations in these cells for studying dopaminergic cell function, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.