What is continuous flow synthesis?
The continuous flow synthesis enables serial combinatorial synthesis, in which a variety of compounds are synthesized in a sequential way using a single flow reactor with flow switch.
What is continuous flow reactor?
Continuous reactors (alternatively referred to as flow reactors) carry material as a flowing stream. Reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and emerge as continuous stream of product. A survey of the continuous reactor market will throw up a daunting variety of shapes and types of machine.
What is continuous flow photochemistry?
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants.
What are the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles?
There are several methods for creating nanoparticles, including coprecipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, inert gas condensation, ion sputtering scattering, microemulsion, microwave, pulse laser ablation, sol-gel, sonochemical, spark discharge, template synthesis, and biological synthesis.
What is continuous flow and how can it be done?
Continuous flow is a Lean method that allows you to move a single product through every step of your process instead of grouping work items into batches. The method is called this way because it allows you to send goods to the market continuously.
What is E factor and PMI?
The E-factor for an entire API process is computed by the ratio of the total mass of waste generated in the synthetic scheme to the mass of product isolated. A similar measure, the process mass intensity (PMI) calculates the ratio of the total mass of materials to the mass of the isolated product.
Is PBR a flow reactor?
The most important characteristic of a PBR is that material flows through the reactor as a plug; they are also called plug flow reactors (PFR). Ideally, all of the substrate stream flows at the same velocity, parallel to the reactor axis with no back -mixing.
Where are continuous reactors used?
industrial processing
Continuous stirred-tank reactors are most commonly used in industrial processing, primarily in homogeneous liquid-phase flow reactions, where constant agitation is required. They may be used by themselves, in series, or in a battery. CSTRs are also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a loop reactor.
What are the applications of photochemistry?
The principal industrial applications of photochemistry have so far been in the fields of free-radical chlorination, sulfochlorination, sulfoxidation, and nitrosation. In addition, however, photochemical reactions are being utilized on an increasing scale for the synthesis of vitamins, drugs, and fragrances.
What is the significance of photochemistry in our daily life?
In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions.
What are the two approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles?
There are two general approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials as shown in Figure 2: a) Top- down approach b) Bottom–up approach. Top-down approach involves the breaking down of the bulk material into nanosized structures or particles.