What is TLR7 agonist?
TLR 7 agonists are small molecules. They stimulate innate immune cells leading to the activation of humoral and cellular immunity, thus engendering a series of anti-tumor activities. The mechanism of action of TLR7 agonists is associated with the MYD88-dependent pathway and caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
What is the ligand for TLR7?
These studies identify ssRNA as the natural ligand for mouse TLR7 and human TLR8, and the authors of both papers suggest that endosomal delivery of ssRNA could provide a novel adjuvant for vaccination and immunotherapy.
Which cytokines do macrophages release?
When macrophages are exposed to inflammatory stimuli, they secrete cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12. Although monocytes and macrophages are the main sources of these cytokines, they are also produced by activated lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts.
What is CpG TLR9?
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes specific unmethylated CpG motifs prevalent in microbial but not vertebrate genomic DNA leading to innate and acquired immune responses. Microbial DNA immunostimulatory effects can be mimicked by synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing these CpG motifs (CpG ODNs).
What is a Toll-like receptor agonist?
Toll-like receptor agonists represent promising vaccine adjuvants as they are potent DC activators, augment T-cell responses and downregulate suppressive effects of Tregs. The following section focuses on the clinical development of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants for cancer therapy.
How do TLR7 agonists abrogate the lungs?
The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a brief intranasal exposure of a TLR7 agonist can produce long-term immune effects in the lung remain speculative although the united airways hypothesis may be involved. The precise mechanism by which TLR7 agonists abrogate the LAR in allergic asthmatics also remains to be elucidated.
Does severe asthma reduce the toll-like receptor 7?
Toll-like Receptor 7 Is Reduced in Severe Asthma and Linked to an Altered MicroRNA Profile NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBISign in to NCBISign Out PMC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health
Do TLR7 agonists up-regulate Th1 and TH2 responses to allergens?
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role within the innate immune system and TLR7 agonists have previously been shown to up-regulate Th1 responses and down-regulate Th2 responses to allergens in murine models of allergic or chronic asthma.
Do nox-4 enzymes interact with TLR-7 in allergic asthma?
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes family mainly produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung and is involved in regulation of airway inflammation in response to TLRs activation. However, NOX-4 mediated signaling in response to TLR-7 activation in a mouse model of allergic asthma has not been explored previously.