What is enzyme induction in pharmacology?
Enzyme induction refers to an increase in the rate of hepatic metabolism, mediated by increased transcription of mRNA encoding the genes for drug-metabolizing enzymes. This leads to a decrease in the concentrations of drugs metabolized by the same enzyme.
How a drug interacts with enzymes?
The majority of drugs which act on enzymes act as inhibitors and most of these are competitive, in that they compete for binding with the enzyme’s substrate- for example the majority of the original (first generation) kinase inhibitors bind to the ATP pocket of the enzyme.
Which medication induces drug-metabolizing enzymes?
Cytochrome P450 enzymes can be inhibited or induced by drugs, resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions that can cause unanticipated adverse reactions or therapeutic failures. Interactions with warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, and statins often involve the cytochrome P450 enzymes.
What will happen if a drug is administered simultaneously with an enzyme inhibitor?
Enzyme inhibition occurs when 2 drugs sharing metabolism via the same isozyme compete for the same enzyme receptor site. For most drugs, this can lead to increased serum levels of the unmetabolized entity, leading to a greater potential for toxicity.
What are the applications of enzyme induction and inhibition?
Enzyme induction by increasing the metabolism of drugs may result in important drug interactions. Other implications of enzyme induction include alterations in the metabolism of endogenous substrates, vitamins and activity of extrahepatic enzyme systems.
What are 3 mechanisms of drug drug interactions?
The pharmacodynamic interactions of drug-on-drug can be divided into three broad groups: interference with drug effects on receptor function, interference with a physiological control process, and additive or opposing physiological effects.
What drugs are enzyme inhibitors?
Examples of enzyme-inhibiting agents are cimetidine, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and isoniazid.
Which drugs are enzyme inhibitors?
Which medication induces drug-metabolizing enzymes quizlet?
Rifampin and carbamazepine can induce drug-metabolizing enzymes and thereby may reduce the duration of drug action.
What are the effects of giving enzyme inducers together with other drugs?
Enzyme induction and drug interactions Enzyme induction refers to an increase in the rate of hepatic metabolism, mediated by increased transcription of mRNA encoding the genes for drug-metabolizing enzymes. This leads to a decrease in the concentrations of drugs metabolized by the same enzyme.