What PSS 78?
The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78) has been considered by the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards and recommended by all oceanographic organizations as the scale in which to report future salinity data.
What is PSS salinity?
The Practical Salinity Scale (PSS) was introduced to establish a univocal relationship between salinity and conductivity. This relationship is based on the ratio R of the seawater conductivity and the conductivity C(35,15) of a standard solution of 1 kg containing 32.4356 g KCl at 15oC, which has salinity S=35.
How do you calculate practical salinity units?
Practical salinity (SP) is calculated using the TEOS-10 function SP = gsw_SP_from_C(C,t,p) where C is conductivity (mS/cm), t is temperature (°C), and p is pressure (dbar). A simple conversion is required to convert C from the units of the L1 data product (S/m) to (mS/cm).
What does ppt mean in oceanography?
Salinity is a measurement of how much salt is dissolved in the water. Common units of salinity are: Parts per thousand (PPT)
What is the difference between PSU and ppt?
The numeric difference between psu and ppt is small; both indicate ocean salinity. Prior to 1978, oceanographers referred to the physical quantity ppt (kg salt per kg water in parts per thousand). The numeric unit from PSS-78 is psu (practical salinity unit).
What is the average salinity of tap water?
Fresh water – Less than 1,000 ppm. Slightly saline water – From 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm.
How do you convert salinity to ppm?
Conversion for units used to measure salinity: Simply times (x) EC (μS/cm) by . 55 to get an approximate ppm equivalent.
What is salinity measured in units?
Ocean salinity is generally defined as the salt concentration (e.g., Sodium and Chlorure) in sea water. It is measured in unit of PSU (Practical Salinity Unit), which is a unit based on the properties of sea water conductivity. It is equivalent to per thousand or (o/00) or to g/kg.
What is PSS-78?
PSS-78 is based on an equation relating salinity to the ratio of the electrical conductivity of seawater at 15°C to that of a standard potassium chloride solution (KCl).
What is the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78)?
The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78) has been considered by the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards and recommended by all oceanographic organizations as the scale in which to report future salinity data.
What is the standard deviation in PSS-78?
The values of coefficients in PSS-78 are based on experiments carried out on existing standard seawaters that were diluted and evaporated by weight. This ensures the conservatism of a salinity so defined and its local reproducibility. The standard deviation was 0.0013 in salinity.
How can I measure conductivity using PSS-78?
Conductivity to salinity calculators based on PSS-78 are available online, but very few of them have batch processing capabilities and none can be used when monitoring conductivity in real-time with instruments that require linear scaling (e.g. The HOBO RX3000 with a 4-20 mA sensor).