What is the function of prolyl hydroxylases?
Prolyl hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of hydroxyproline. The modification has a significant impact on the stability of collagen, the major connective tissue of the human body.
What is the function of prolyl 4-hydroxylase within your own body?
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) is a non-heme iron hydroxylase that regio- and stereospecifically hydroxylates proline residues in a peptide chain into R-4-hydroxyproline, which is essential for collagen cross-linking purposes in the human body.
What is CP4H?
The enzyme collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (CP4H) is a non-heme Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FAKGD) that catalyzes the stereoselective hydroxylation of Cγ of (2S)-proline (Pro) residues in collagen strands. This uncoupled reaction inactivates the enzyme.
Why is hydroxyproline important in collagen?
Collagen. Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix.
How does ascorbic acid vitamin C affect prolyl hydroxylase function?
2 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Ascorbic acid is an essential cofactor for the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, and a deficiency of this vitamin results in accumulation of abnormal collagen.
What is meant by hydroxylation?
(i) most commonly, hydroxylation describes a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound. (ii) the degree of hydroxylation refers to the number of OH groups in a molecule. The pattern of hydroxylation refers to the location of hydroxy groups on a molecule or material.
What are the cofactors of hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen?
Vitamin C. Vitamin C, oxygen, ketoglutarate, and iron are essential cofactors for the enzymes prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, both of which are required for normal collagen metabolism. Vitamin C is important in aerobic metabolism.
Which protein contains hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline?
Type I collagen
Type I collagen is by far the most abundant collagen in the body. It has a most unusual amino acid composition, with 33% glycine and 10% proline. It also contains hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.
What foods contain hydroxyproline?
Hydroxyproline is found in the connective tissue and collagen components in animal meat, offal, organ meats, bone broth, collagen foods, and supplements. Finding it in plant sources is hard, often not yielding adequate amounts, but of the highest content includes Alfalfa Sprouts.
How do prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors work?
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PH) enzyme inhibitors are a new class of agents for the treatment of anemia in CKD. These agents work by stabilizing the HIF complex and stimulating endogenous erythropoietin production even in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
What is prolyl 4-hydroxylase?
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase Posttranslational modifications can cause profound changes in protein function. Typically, these modifications are reversible, and thus provide a biochemical on-off switch.
What is the PMID for prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF)?
PMID 23992027. ^ Muchnik E, Kaplan J (May 2011). “HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for anemia”. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 20 (5): 645–56. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2011.566861. PMID 21406036.
What is the ISSN for prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors?
ISSN 1841-9038. ^ “FibroGen Reports New Research on Development of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors Related to Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Anti-Inflammation, Cytoprotection and Erythropoiesis”. drugs.com. 2008. ^ Adamcio, B; Sperling, S; Hagemeyer, N; Walkinshaw, G; Ehrenreich, H (2010).
What is the function of prolyl hydroxylase?
This subunit is identical to the enzyme known as protein disulfide isomerase. Prolyl hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of hydroxyproline. The modification has a significant impact on the stability of collagen, the major connective tissue of the human body.