What is ADCC and ADCP?
ADCC: an excess of engaged CD16A induces the release of cytotoxic granules which kill the target [1]. ADCP: an excess of engaged CD32A induces the phagocytosis of the microbe or target cell, thus facilitating antigen presentation and stimulating inflammatory cytokine secretion [2].
What is mediates ADCC?
ADCC is an adaptive immune response largely mediated by NK cells through the CD16 (FCγRIII) receptor that binds the Fc portion of IgG antibodies triggering the lysis of targeted cells.
What plays a role in ADCC?
The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a cytotoxic reaction mediated by non immune cells (effector cells) against target cells sensitized by antibodies which are specific of the target cells’ surface antigens. Several kinds of leucocytes can play a role in ADCC.
What is CDC and ADCC?
Two important mechanisms used by antibody drugs to kill targeted tumor cells are Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC), and Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC).
What is ADCP in immunology?
The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators.
Which cells are involved in ADCC?
ADCC by four major immune effector cells: macrophages/resident monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The target cell may either be microbe infected or a tumor cell that expresses the antigen recognized and bound by the antibody.
Is ADCC innate or adaptive?
The process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) makes use of the innate immune cells providing antitumor cytotoxicity activated by antibodies linked to target cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are a small set of lymphocytes, but are considered the most important cells among those able to induce ADCC.
Why is ADCC important?
ADCC is an important part of the immune defence mechanism whereby a target cell is recognised by an antibody using specific proteins (antigens) on the cell surface. Fc receptors on the effector cells of the immune system then recognise the bound antibodies, and subsequently mediate lysis of the target cells.
What type of cell kills through ADCC mechanisms?
ADCC is an antibody targeting cytolytic action of the immune cells that involves FcR signaling. Thus, the binding of specific antibodies to either a tumor or microbial antigen on the surface of a cell targets the cell to an effector cell capable of ADCC, such as NK cells, PMNs, and macrophages.
What is effector function?
Antibody effector functions are an important part of the humoral immune response and form an essential link between innate and adaptive immunity. Most of these effector functions are induced via the constant (Fc) region of the antibody, which can interact with complement proteins and specialized Fc-receptors.
What is ADCP assay?
ADCP is a potent mechanism of elimination of antibody-coated foreign particles such microbes or tumour cells. Both effector and target cells are fluorescently labelled and cell engulfment is measured by flow cytometry. …