What is the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus?

The pathophysiology of diabetes is related to the levels of insulin within the body, and the body’s ability to utilize insulin. There is a total lack of insulin in type 1 diabetes, while in type 2 diabetes, the peripheral tissues resist the effects of insulin.

What are complications of diabetes mellitus?

Possible complications include:

Cardiovascular disease.
Nerve damage (neuropathy).
Kidney damage (nephropathy).
Eye damage (retinopathy).
Foot damage.
Skin conditions.
Hearing impairment.
Alzheimer’s disease.

What is the cause of insulin resistance?

Obesity (being significantly overweight and belly fat), an inactive lifestyle, and a diet high in carbohydrates are the primary causes of insulin resistance. Some women develop insulin resistance while they are pregnant. This is called gestational diabetes.

Which enzyme is deficient in diabetes mellitus?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common X-linked human enzyme defect (1). There are a few reports that link G6PD deficiency to diabetes (2–4).

Is anemia a complication of diabetes?

Anemia is one of the commonest and prevalent blood-related disorder occurs in patients with diabetes. It mostly occurs in DM patients who also have renal impairment. Evidence indicates that the existence of anemia among T2DM is typically associated with the failure of the kidney to produce appropriate erythropoietin.

Does insulin resistance cause low blood sugar?

Hypoglycemia: A Possible Link between Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Dyslipidemia, and Heart and Kidney Disease (the Cardiorenal Syndrome)

Which hormone is responsible for diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas, a gland behind the stomach, does not produce enough of the hormone insulin, or the body cannot use insulin properly. Insulin helps carry sugar from the bloodstream into the cells.