What is TRAIL treatment?
TRAIL binds to cell surface death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and facilitates formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), eventually activating the p53-independent apoptotic cascade. This unique mechanism makes the TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic especially for p53-mutated tumors.
What is TRAIL drug?
Abstract. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a recently identified member of the TNF ligand family that selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo but not in most normal cells.
What is TRAIL in cancer?
(trayl) A cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in some cancer cells and may kill the cells. TRAIL is being studied in the treatment of cancer. Also called Apo-2L, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
How is TRAIL used?
TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells. It causes apoptosis primarily in tumor cells, by binding to certain death receptors. TRAIL and its receptors have been used as the targets of several anti-cancer therapeutics since the mid-1990s, such as Mapatumumab.
What are TRAIL receptors?
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or Apo 2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of ligands capable of initiating apoptosis through engagement of its death receptors.
What does TRAIL mean in medical terms?
In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis. TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells.
What happens after apoptosis?
As apoptosis destroys unwanted cells, mitosis (cell division) makes new cells. While they may seem to be at odds, apoptosis and mitosis work together to keep us healthy. For example, our skin and hair cells are renewed via a continuous cycle of apoptosis and mitosis.
What cells produce trails?
The proliferative role of TRAIL has been described both in normal and tumor cells [40]. It is not fully understood either whether TRAIL is secreted or not in association with exosomes in TRAIL-expressing cells. TRAIL is expressed in many types of immune cells, such as T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and macrophages.
What triggers apoptosis?
Apoptosis plays important roles in physiology and pathology, and can be triggered by numerous stimuli, including ischemia, hypoxia, exposure to certain drugs and chemicals, immune reactions, infectious agents, high temperature, radiation, and various disease states.
Can apoptosis be stopped?
Because apoptosis cannot stop once it has begun, it is a highly regulated process. Apoptosis can be initiated through one of two pathways. In the intrinsic pathway the cell kills itself because it senses cell stress, while in the extrinsic pathway the cell kills itself because of signals from other cells.
What is the role of the trail pathway in cancer treatment?
The activation of the TRAIL pathway in inducing tumor-selective apoptosis leads to the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapies, which include recombinant forms of TRAIL, TRAIL receptor agonists, and other therapeutic agents.
Does trail/death receptor signaling promote cancer invasion and metastasis?
It is apparent that TRAIL/death receptor signaling is involved in both negative and positive regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis. Under apoptosis-compromised conditions, TRAIL/death receptor has a high likelihood to exert non-apoptotic functions, including invasion/metastasis-promoting activity.
Does trail induce bmp2 in fibroblasts?
A recent study suggests that TRAIL produced from SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer cells induces BMP2 in fibroblasts, which enhances invasiveness and metastasis of colorectal cancer [55].
What is the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can initiate the apoptosis pathway by binding to its associated death receptors DR4 and DR5. The activation of the TRAIL pathway in inducing tumor-selective apoptosis leads to the developmen …
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